Hauv kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub tsev so, qhov dawb ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw pw dawb yog tus qauv yooj yim rau kev ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Txawm hais tias nws yog cov ntaub pua chaw pw thiab cov pam vov ntawm chav qhua hauv tsev so, lossis nws yog cov ntaub pua rooj hauv tsev noj mov, cov ntaub pua chaw pw dawb ci thiab dawb li tshiab yeej ib txwm muab rau cov qhua qhov kev qhia txog kev tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, ntautsev so linen ntxhua khaub ncawsCov kws kho mob pom tias, txawm hais tias ua kom dawb li qub, cov ntaub pua chaw dawb tseem yuav muaj xim daj me ntsis lossis xim av. Qhov no tsis yog vim ntxuav tsis txaus, tab sis vim tias cov ntaub nws tus kheej yuav nqus me ntsis lub teeb xiav los ntawm lub teeb ntuj, ua rau dawb tsis txaus siab. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub pua chaw dawb yuav tsum tau txais kev kho kom dawb raws li kev tshuaj dawb los ntawm kev tshawb fawb kom ua tiav qhov dawb thiab tshiab tiag tiag.
Kev ua kom dawb
Kev ua kom dawb yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntxuav cov ntaub dawb. Thawj qhov yog siv cov tshuaj oxidation lossis txo cov tshuaj kom tshem tawm cov xim tsis zoo, uas tsis yooj yim tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntxuav ib txwm, rov qab ua kom cov ntaub ci ntsa iab qub. Qhov thib ob yog txhim kho qhov dawb ntawm cov ntaub dawb thiab txhim kho qhov ci ntawm cov ntaub ci.
Tom qab ntxuav, ntxuav ua ntej, thiab ntxuav tseem ceeb, cov xim uas yaj hauv dej, cov xim uas yaj hauv roj, thiab qee cov av tawv feem ntau tuaj yeem tshem tawm tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xim kas fes, cov xim ntshav, cov xim kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab lwm cov xim tsuas yog tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev ua kom sov lossis txo qis hauv cov txheej txheem ua kom dawb. Piv txwv li, hemoglobin hauv cov xim ntshav khov thaum raug cua sov thiab tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntxuav ib txwm muaj, thaum cov tshuaj dawb tuaj yeem rhuav tshem nws cov qauv molecular thiab hloov nws mus rau hauv cov tshuaj yaj uas raug tso tawm nrog cov dej phwj. Rau cov ntaub pua chaw dawb, cov tshuaj dawb tsis yog rau kev tshem tawm cov av xwb tab sis kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev dawb. Nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem qhov adsorption ntawm cov xim los ntawm cov ntaub fibers los tso lub hauv paus rau kev ua kom dawb tom ntej.
Lub Sijhawm Dawb Huv
Qhov ua kom dawb tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho tau vim tias lub sijhawm ntev dua. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj dawb. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws (kub tsim nyog, pH tus nqi 10.5), cov tshuaj dawb tuaj yeem yaj sib npaug hauv cov tshuaj hauv ib feeb tom qab ntxiv rau. Hauv 6 txog 8 feeb, cov nyhuv ntawm chlorine lossis lwm yam khoom xyaw nquag yuav ua tiav kev tso tawm. Lub sijhawm no, qhov concentration ntawm cov chlorine zoo yog li 10ppm. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntws dej, thaum qhov concentration ntawm chlorine zoo qis dua 10ppm, qhov tshuaj dawb yuav luag tiav. Kev ncua lub sijhawm tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua rau kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dua li kev txhim kho cov nyhuv.
Rau ib lub tuam txhab ntxhua khaub ncaws hauv tsev so, kev teeb tsa lub sijhawm ntxuav kom dawb tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo heev. Piv txwv li, cov kev pab cuam ntxuav cov ntaub pua chaw pw, phuam da dej, thiab lwm cov ntaub pua chaw pw tuaj yeem teeb tsa rau 8 txog 10 feeb. Nws tuaj yeem ua kom cov khoom xyaw zoo ua haujlwm thiab zam kev pov tseg lub zog tsis tsim nyog. Tsis tas li ntawd, tib neeg yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom xyaw zoo. Cov tshuaj chlorine bleach sai sai tso tawm cov khoom xyaw zoo, thiab kev ntxuav kom dawb mus sij hawm ntev yuav ua rau cov fibers ntawm cov ntaub puas tsuaj. Cov tshuaj oxygen bleach qhov kev ua haujlwm yog qhov tsis hnyav, yog li lub sijhawm tuaj yeem ntev li ntawm. (1 txog 2 feeb yog qhov zoo. Tag nrho lub sijhawm yuav tsum tsawg dua 10 feeb kom tsis txhob muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau.)
Qhov Kub ntawm Kev Dawb Huv
Qhov kub thiab txias yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov ua kom cov khaub ncaws dawb zoo. Cov tshuaj dawb sib txawv xav tau qhov kub sib txawv. Kev teeb qhov kub tsis raug yuav ua rau cov ntaub pua chaw tom qab ntxuav cov khaub ncaws daj dua.
● Cov tshuaj dawb chlorine
Nws siv tau rau cov ntaub paj rwb dawb. Qhov kub yuav tsum qis dua 65 ℃. Qhov no yog vim tias cov tshuaj chlorine bleach tuaj yeem yaj ntawm qhov kub siab, uas tso tawm cov tshuaj chlorine dawb ntau dhau thiab ua rau cov ntaub fibers brittleness, daj, thiab txawm tias puas tsuaj. Kwv yees li 60 ℃ yog lub sijhawm kub ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine bleach, uas tuaj yeem ua kom lub sijhawm bleaching thiab txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov fibers.
● Cov tshuaj dawb uas muaj pa oxygen
Nws siv tau rau cov ntaub pua chaw xim lossis cov ntaub uas rhiab rau chlorine. Qhov kub tuaj yeem teeb tsa ntawm 70 ℃ txog 90 ℃. Qhov kub siab tuaj yeem ua kom cov peroxides hauv cov tshuaj dawb oxygen thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm oxidation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tshem tawm cov xim tawv ncauj. Piv txwv li, tom qab 80 ℃ oxygen bleach, cov xim roj yuav yaj. Tsis yog tsuas yog yaj cov xim roj xwb, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov dawb ntau dua 20%.
Ntxiv mus, qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm yuav tsum tau kho kom sib haum. Feem ntau, rau txhua qhov kub nce 10 ℃, lub sijhawm ua kom dawb tuaj yeem raug txiav ib nrab. Piv txwv li, siv cov tshuaj chlorine bleach, lub sijhawm ua kom dawb yog 8 feeb ntawm 60 ℃, thiab lub sijhawm ua kom dawb yuav tsum tau ntev mus txog 15 feeb yog tias qhov kub poob rau 50 ℃, yog tias tib neeg xav tau tib yam txiaj ntsig. Lub tuam txhab ntxhua khaub ncaws tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm kom ua tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw pw.
Tus nqi pH
Tus nqi pH ntawm lub dab dej ntxuav yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov ceev ntawm cov ntaub, uas yog ib qho yooj yim tsis quav ntsej. Qhov kev sim qhia tau hais tias thaum tus nqi pH yog nruab nrab (7), cov tshuaj dawb ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws rau cov ntaub fiber. Hauv cov xwm txheej acid, txawm hais tias qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj dawb yuav nrawm dua, nws yuav ua rau cov fiber tawg thiab txo qis zog, yog li qhov no tsuas yog siv tau rau cov xim tawv ncauj heev, thiab nws tsis pom zoo kom siv txoj kev no hauv ib txwm muaj.ntxuav.
Rau cov tshuaj chlorine bleach, qhov pH zoo tshaj plaws yog 10.2 txog 10.5. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev bleaching ruaj khov, uas tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ua haujlwm oxidation mus maj mam tab sis kuj txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov fibers rau qhov loj tshaj plaws. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, cov txheej txheem ntxuav thiab tshuaj dawb tseem ceeb tuaj yeem tsim los ua tib lub sijhawm. Ib puag ncig alkaline hauv cov txheej txheem ntxuav tseem ceeb (feem ntau pH tus nqi 10-11) tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau chlorine bleach yam tsis tas yuav kho tus nqi pH. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem thiab txo cov nqi. Cov tshuaj oxygen bleach yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig alkaline tsis muaj zog (pH tus nqi 9 txog 10) kom tsis txhob muaj cov chaw acidic los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov qauv ntawm peroxides.
Kev ua kom dawb
Txawm hais tias nws nyob hauv qab cov tshuaj dawb zoo meej, cov ntaub pua chaw dawb tseem tsis tau ci txaus vim yog lub teeb xiav nqus tau. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, kev kho kom dawb huv tas li thiab ntau npaum li cas los ua ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb. Cov neeg sawv cev ua kom dawb huv nqus tau lub teeb ultraviolet thiab tso tawm lub teeb xiav los them rau qhov poob ntawm kev nqus los ntawm cov ntaub. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov dawb pom thiab ua rau cov ntaub pua chaw dawb zoo li.
Kev kho kom dawb yuav tsum ua tas li thiab kom ntau. Kev ua kom dawb ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov ntaub pua chaw xiav, uas tsis yog ntuj. Qhov zaus qis tsis tuaj yeem ua kom dawb thiab ci ntsa iab. Nws raug pom zoo kom ua kev kho kom dawb ib lossis ob zaug rau cov ntaub pua chaw uas siv ntau zaus txhua lub lim tiam. Cov tshuaj dawb yuav tsum ntxiv rau ntawm 0.1% -0.3% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw txhua zaus thaum lub sijhawm yaug. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj dawb yuav tsum sib xws nrog cov tshuaj dawb. Cov ntaub pua chaw, tom qab kho nrog cov tshuaj dawb chlorine, yuav tsum tau yaug kom huv si kom tshem tawm cov tshuaj chlorine seem. Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem ua kom dawb tuaj yeem ua tiav. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov teebmeem dawb.
Xaus lus
Qhov dawb thiab tshiab ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw pw dawb tsis yog qhov ua tau. Nws yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj dawb thiab kev ua kom dawb huv. Tus kws ntxuav ntaub pua chaw pw hauv tsev so yuav tsum paub lub sijhawm, qhov kub, thiab pH kom sib haum xeeb thiab npaj raws li qhov zaus siv. Tsuas yog qhov no xwb thiaj li ua rau tib neeg khaws tau qhov dawb thiab ci ntsa iab ntawm txhua daim ntaub pua chaw pw dawb. Qhov no coj cov qhua tuaj noj mov hauv tsev so kom muaj kev paub zoo tas li thiab tseem pab tau.cov lag luam ntxhua khaub ncawsyeej lub koob npe nrov thiab kev ntseeg siab ruaj khov dua.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Cuaj hlis-05-2025